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The Department of English at Vienna University is, with almost 4000 students, one of the largest English departments in Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://anglistik.univie.ac.at/home/the-department/ )〕 ==History== At the University of Vienna, which was founded in 1365, English was not included in the curricula until 1800. The delay can be blamed on religious caution. 16th and 17th centuries were a period of domination of Jesuit order at the University of Vienna, firmly supporting Catholic Church. Thus, English, as a language of Protestantism, was excluded from curricula. In the middle of the 18th century, as Empress Maria Theresia introduced reforms which declared the University of Vienna as an educational establishment of the state. Such language as Italian, French, Spanish and Czech were introduced in the curricula. English was still considered as a dangerous language, because of possible religious and tradition destructive influences. As at that time, it was spoken in Protestant Britain and North America. In 1800, the first teachers of English were not academics in the branch of philology. Franz Pöltinger was a civil servant and Ferdinant Zierer was the pharmacist. Teaching English, they did not even get salary from university funds. Instead, students paid them a fee, which was not obligatory, however. In 1870, as English was acknowledged as academic discipline which was caused by new tendencies in secondary education. Traditional grammar schools adhered to Latin and Greek, whereas Realschulen focused on teaching of modern languages, commonly such as English and French.In 1872, the seminar of English and French was introduced in the curricula, where the students could not only study grammar and literature, but also practice oral and written skills. In 1876, Jakob Schipper, professor of modern languages, held the chair of English Philology, thereby making Vienna the third university in German-speaking countries having introduced such position in English Philology.〔Pils, Ramon: "A Scholar Is Not a Politician?" Or Are They? The English Seminar at the University of Vienna and National Socialism. Vienna, University of Vienna, Diploma Thesis, 2006.〕 The significance of English philology increased, because there was a practical need to teach English, which was on the way to acquire the status of lingua franca in international political and economical relations. Therefore, there was increase in number of students. In 1927, there were 324 students in English literature lecture. In 1928, the lecture on historical grammar was attended by 462 students.,〔Cf ÖStA/ AVA Kultus und Unterricht, F 681/4, Englisches Seminar: Ansuchen des Vorstandes des Seminars für Englische Phililogie, ZI 15309/1927, 24 May 1927.〕〔Cf ÖStA/ AVA Kultus und Unterricht, F 681/4, Englisches Seminar: Ansuchen des Vorstandes des Seminars für Englische Phililogie, ZI 10823/1928, 4 April 1928.〕 The historical events of 1938, when Austria became part of National Social Germany, influenced University life to great extend. Many professors were dismissed and replaced which was primarily caused by political and racist reasons. The study programmes were changed. The focus shifted to satisfy the interests of the new regime. Students of modern languages were trained to become either teachers or interpreters before they could take PhD exams. Future teachers had to pass many obligatory courses such as practical language classes, lectures on literature and cultural studies, phonetics, general linguistics, British and North American studies, and sometimes historical linguistics. As for the content of the subjects, the practical skills and cultural studies were of greater importance. In addition, the party was interested in training the experts on US culture to know their rivals better.〔 After the fall of Nazi regime, there was a process of denazifiication, based on the Verbotsgesetz (8 of May 1945), which was aimed on dismissal of former NSDAP members.〔 After the World War II, the University required considerable reconstruction which was completed in 1951. In 1975, with the introduction of University Organisational Law, there was a democratisation of the university. Professors, readers, lecturers and students could take part in the process of making decision. The administrative structure of the whole university was changed. The expeditious advance in all areas of study facilitated a considerable increase in the number of subjects. Especially, since 1970 the number of students has been tended to multiply every decade. It led to paucity of space and necessity for dislocation. In 1988, the City gave the old building of General Hospital to University, which became Vienna University Campus. It has been used by the Faculty of Humanities which now consists of 15 departments. It took 10 years of reconstruction to get the old hospital adapted for educational use. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Department of English, University of Vienna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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